ðã³ããçŠãšç¹èš±æš©ã®å¶éïŒãããšãèªçºçåçµã¿ïŒïŒäžå±±äžéïŒ
  æ°åã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ææçïŒCOVID-19ïŒã«é¢ããç·æ¥äºæ 宣èšã¯2020幎5æ25æ¥ã«è§£é€ãããããããïŒç¬¬2æ³¢ïŒç¬¬3æ³¢ãæžå¿µãããŠããïŒäºæ ãå®å šã«åæããããã§ã¯ãªããäžçãèŠãŠãïŒææã¯æ¡å€§ããŠããïŒæ°åã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®è åšãç¶ããŠããã
WHO決è°ã§ç¹èš±æš©ãå¶éïŒ
  ãã®ãããªç¶æ³ã®äžïŒ2020幎5æ19æ¥ã®WHOç·äŒã«ãããŠïŒæãåœãå«ãè€æ°åœãå
±åææ¡ããæ±ºè° âCOVID-19 responseâïŒä»¥äžïŒãWHO決è°ããšãããïŒãæ¡æããã[1]ã
ãWHO決è°ã®äžã§ç¹ã«æ³šç®ãéããã®ã¯ïŒCOVID-19ã«å¯ŸããWHOã®å¯Ÿå¿ã«ã€ããŠäžç«ã»ç¬ç«ã»å æ¬çãªæ€èšŒãè¡ãããšãWHOäºåå±é·ã«èŠè«ããç¹ã§ããããWHOããããç±³äžã®å¯Ÿç«ãªã©ãèæ¯ã«ïŒå€æ°ã®å ±éããã®ç¹ãå ±ããŠããã
ãä»æ¹ïŒ 2020幎5æ20æ¥ä»ãæ¥æ¬çµæžæ°èã¯ïŒãã¯ã¯ãã³ã«ç¹èš±å¶éãå®ãåºãæ®åç®æããWHOæ¡æïŒç±³ã¯æ é姿å¢ããšã®èŠåºãã®äžã§ïŒWHO決è°ãã¯ã¯ãã³éçºäŒæ¥ã®ç¹èš±æš©ã«å¶éãããïŒå®ãã¯ã¯ãã³ãäŸçµŠããããšãç®æããšå ±ãããæ°åã³ããã®ã¯ã¯ãã³ã誰ã§ãå ¬å¹³ã«å©çšã§ããããã«ããããã«ïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã掻çšãããšããã®ã§ããããã®ãã¥ãŒã¹ã«æ¥ãããšãïŒçè ã¯ïŒåçªã«ã¯æãããã®ã®ïŒããã»ã©å€§ããªé©ããèŠããªãã£ãããªããªãïŒæ¥çµæ°èã¯ãã以åã«ã³ããè¬ã®ç¹èš±æš©ã«å¶éããããããšããåãããããšå ±ããŠãããïŒ2020幎4æ16æ¥ãã³ããè¬ãç¹èš±ã«å¶éãæµ®äžããšã®èŠåºãã®èšäºïŒïŒçè èªèº«ãïŒç¥ç財ç£æš©ãCOVID-19察çã®åŠšããšãªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãïŒããããµããŒãããããã«WIPOããªãŒããŒã·ãããçºæ®ãã¹ãããšãæ±ããWIPOäºåå±é·å®ãªãŒãã³ã¬ã¿ãŒÂ [2]ã«çœ²åããããšãïŒä»ã®ç 究è çãšã®ç§çãªãããšã[3]ããïŒãããïŒãã®ãããªé¡ã®è°è«ãçãåŸãããšã¯æ³å®ã§ããããã§ããã
ãããã§WHO決è°ã確èªããã®ã ãïŒæé¢äžã«ïŒç¹èš±æš©ã®å¶éãããã¯åŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã®æèšã¯èŠåœãããªãã代ããã«è¿°ã¹ãããŠããã®ã¯ïŒTRIPSåå®åã³ãTRIPSåå®ãšå ¬è¡è¡çã«é¢ãã宣èšãïŒãããããããŒã宣èšãã以äžïŒãããŒã宣èšããšãããïŒãšã®æŽåæ§ã確ä¿ãã€ã€ïŒäžåœãªé害ãç·æ¥ã«åãé€ãããïŒãã©4ïŒïŒèªçºçãªç¹èš±ããŒã«ã»ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ãªã©ã®æ¢åã®ã¡ã«ããºã ã§ååãããïŒãã©8ïŒãªãïŒãã©9ïŒ8ïŒãåç §ïŒããããšã§ãããæé¢ãèªãéãïŒWHO決è°ã¯ïŒç¹èš±æš©ã®å¶éã匷å¶å®æœæš©ã®æŽ»çšãæèšããŠããããã§ã¯ãªããå®éïŒæ¥çµæ°èèªèº«ãïŒãã®åŸã®5æ22æ¥ã«ãç¹èš±å¶éã«å¯äœçšå€§ãããã³ããè¬ã§æè¡å ±çšé²ãããšã®èŠåºãã®èšäºã§ïŒWHO決è°ã¯ãããŸã§èªçºçãªåçµã¿ãéèŠãããã®ã§ãããšã®å°é家ã®ã³ã¡ã³ãã玹ä»ãïŒå ã®èªãã®èšäºã®å 容ãä¿®æ£ããããšããŠããããã«ãèŠãã[4]ã
ããã®ããã«WHO決è°ãç¹èš±æš©è ã®èªçºçãªåçµã¿ãä¿ããã«éããªããšç解ãããªãã°ïŒç¹èš±æš©è åŽãšããŠãç®ããããç«ãŠãå¿ èŠã¯ãªãã¯ãã§ããããšãããïŒç±³åœæ¿åºïŒåšãžã¥ããŒãåœéæ©é¢ç±³åœæ¿åºä»£è¡šéšïŒã¯ïŒWHO決è°ã¯ïŒãã©ã³ã¹ããšããŠãããïŒã€ãããŒã¿ãŒã«èª€ã£ãã¡ãã»ãŒãžãéããã®ã§ãããšåçºÂ ããŠãããå ã®æ¥çµã®èšäºãšåæ§ã«ïŒç±³åœãïŒWHO決è°ã«åŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã®åœ±ãèŠãã®ãããããªãã
ããŒã宣èšã®æ®åïŒ
ãæèšãããŠããªãã«ããããããïŒWHO決è°ã匷å¶å®æœæš©ãæ³èµ·ãããã®ã¯ãWHO決è°ãããŒã宣èšã«èšåããŠããããã ããã
ãæ¬ã³ã©ã ã®èªè ã«ã¯ãæ¿ç¥ã®æ¹ãå€ãã§ããããïŒããŒã宣èšã¯ïŒ2001幎11æïŒWTOããŒãé£åäŒè°ã«ãããŠæ¡æããããåœæïŒã¢ããªã«çã®éäžåœãäžå¿ã«ãšã€ãºïŒHIV/AIDSïŒãè延ãïŒå ¬è¡è¡çäžã®æ·±å»ãªåé¡ãšãªãäžæ¹ã§ïŒéäžåœã«ãšã£ãŠæãšã€ãºè¬ã®çµæžçè² æ ã¯å€§ããïŒç¹èš±ãéäžåœã«ãããå»è¬åã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã劚ããŠãããšã®æ¹å€ãçãããããã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ïŒç¹èš±ãã¹ã±ãŒããŽãŒããšãããŠãããšãã£ã声ããã£ããïŒWTOé£åäŒè°ã¯ïŒããŒã宣èšãæ¡æããããšã§ïŒç¹èš±ãšå»è¬åã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ã®åé¡ã«ã€ããŠã²ãšãŸã決çãå³ãããšãã[5]ã
ãããŒã宣èšïŒåæïŒéªšåïŒã®ãã€ã³ãã®äžã€ã¯ïŒTRIPSåå®ã¯ïŒååœãå ¬è¡è¡çäžã®å¿ èŠãªæªçœ®ãåãããšã劚ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãïŒååœã«ïŒã©ã®ãããªå Žåã«åŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã蚱諟ããããã決å®ãïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã蚱諟ããèªç±ãèªããŠããããšã確èªããç¹ã§ããã確ãã«ïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã¯ïŒTRIPSåå®31æ¡ã«ãããŠèªããããæªçœ®ã§ãããåæ¡ã¯ïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã蚱諟ããããšãã§ããçç±ïŒå®äœèŠä»¶ïŒã«ã¯èžã¿èŸŒãŸãïŒèš±è«Ÿããéã®æ¡ä»¶ãå®ããã®ã¿ã§ãããïŒã³ã³ãã£ãã§ã³ã»ã¢ãããŒãïŒïŒãã®æ¡ä»¶ã«é¢ããŠãïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã蚱諟ããåã«èŠæ±ãããæš©å©è ãšã®äºååè°ã®çŸ©åããåœå®¶ç·æ¥äºæ ãã®å Žåã«å é€ãããããšã蚱容ããŠããïŒ31æ¡ïŒbïŒïŒãããŒã宣èšã§ã¯ïŒããã«ïŒäœãåœå®¶çç·æ¥äºæ ã«åœãããã«ã€ããŠãååœã決å®ã§ããããšã確èªãïŒHIV/AIDSãªã©ã®ææçãåœå®¶çç·æ¥äºæ ã«åœããåŸãããšãèªãã[6]ã
ããã®ããã«ïŒããŒã宣èšã¯ïŒææçã®ãã³ãããã¯ãšãã£ãç·æ¥äºæ ã«ãããŠïŒååœãç¬èªã®å€æã«ããæš©å©è ãšã®äºååè°ãªãã«åŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã蚱諟ã§ããããšãå確èªãããå¥ã®èšãæ¹ãããã°ïŒå ¬è¡è¡çäžã®ç·æ¥äºæ ã«ããã匷å¶å®æœæš©ã®èš±è«Ÿã«ã墚ä»ããäžãããšããããããã®ãããªèŠ³ç¹ããããŒã宣èšã«èšåããWHO決è°ã®è¡éãèªããšïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã®èš±è«Ÿã«ã墚ä»ããäžããŠãã®ç©æ¥µå©çšãä¿ããã®ãšWHO決è°ã解éããããšãå šãçå€ããšã¯ãããªãã§ãããããã®ãããªè§£éããèš±ãWHO決è°ã®çè«è²ã®æèšã¯ïŒååœã®ææã亀é¯ããåœé亀æžã®åŠ¥åã®ç£ç©ãšæšæž¬ã§ããïŒãã®ããšèªäœã¯ïŒãã®çš®ã®ææžã«ãããŠçããããšã§ã¯ãªãã ãããïŒã
ç¹èš±æš©ãå¶éãã¹ããïŒ
ãããŒã宣èšã®äŸãããããããã«ïŒå
¬è¡è¡çäžã®ç·æ¥äºæ
ã«ãããŠïŒå»è¬åãªã©ã®ç¹èš±æš©ã匷å¶å®æœæš©ãªã©ã«ããå¶éãã¹ããåŠãïŒãšããåé¡ã¯ïŒä»åã®ã³ãã枊ã«éããïŒåŸåããååšãããç¹èš±å¶åºŠã¯ïŒçºæãåµäœããã€ã³ã»ã³ãã£ãã確ä¿ããããã«æä»çç¬å æš©ãä»äžããŠã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã®ä¿é²ãå³ããïŒç€ŸäŒã¯äžå®æéæä»çç¬å æš©ã®ã³ã¹ããæ¯æãå¿
èŠããããšã®åæã«ç«ã€ãããããªããïŒçåãã¹ãã³ã¹ããçåœã»å¥åº·ã«é¢ãããã®ã§ããå Žåã«ïŒçºæã®ä¿è·ãšå©çšã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãã©ã®ããã«å³ããã¯æ©ãŸãããååœã»å人ã®ç«å Žã«ãã£ãŠãç°ãªããã
ãããŒã宣èšã®å¥æ©ãšãªã£ãHIV/AIDSã«ã€ããŠã¯ïŒææã®äžå¿ãã¢ããªã«çã®éäžåœã§ããäžæ¹ïŒç¹èš±æš©ã®å€ãã¯å é²åœäŒæ¥ãæããããšããïŒãããŠåçŽåããã°ïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã®ç©æ¥µçãªæŽ»çšã蚎ããéäžåœã«å¯ŸããŠå é²åœãããã«èŠéã鳎ããæ§å³ãèŠãŠåããã
ãããã«å¯ŸããŠïŒæ°åã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ææã¯å é²åœãå«ãå šäžçã«åºãã£ãŠãããå é²åœã®äžã«ãïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ãªã©ã®ç¹èš±æš©ã®å¶éã«ååããªåœãåºãŠããŠãäžæè°ã¯ãªããå®éïŒã«ããã§ã¯ïŒ2020幎3æã«COVID-19察çãè¬ããæ³æ¹æ£ã®äžç°ãšããŠïŒæ¿åºäœ¿çš[7]ã®èŠå®ã®äžã«ïŒä¿å¥å€§è£ã®ç³è«ã«ããå ¬è¡è¡çäžã®ç·æ¥äºæ ãžã®å¯Ÿå¿ã«å¿ èŠãªç¯å²ã§ç¹èš±åºé·å®ãæ¿åºäœ¿çšãèªããèŠå®ãæ°èšããŠããïŒãã ãïŒ2020幎9ææ«ãŸã§ïŒ[8]ããã®ä»ïŒãã€ãã§ã2020幎3æã«COVID-19察çã®æ³æ¹æ£ã®äžç°ãšããŠïŒå ¬å ±ã®çŠç¥ã®ããã«çšããããçºæã«ã€ããŠç¹èš±æš©ã®å¹åãåã°ãªããšããåœä»€ãä¿å¥çãçºããããšãå¯èœãšãããããã§ãã[9]ã
ãããšãèªçºçåçµã¿ã«å§ããã¹ããïŒ
ãä»æ¹ã«ãããŠïŒç¹èš±æš©ã®å¶éã®ãããªåŒ·ç¡¬ãªæªçœ®ã§ã¯ãªãïŒç¹èš±æš©è
ã«ããã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹äŸäžãæš©å©äžè¡äœ¿å®£èšãªã©ã®èªçºçãªåçµã¿ã®åããé¡èã«ãªã£ãŠããããã«æãããããã®ãããªèªçºçåçµã¿ãšããŠæåãªäŸã®äžã€ãïŒFacebook, Amazon, Intel, IBM, Microsoftãªã©ãåµèšã¡ã³ããŒã§ããOpen Covid Pledge ã§ããããã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã«ã¯å¹Ÿã€ãã®ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ãçšæãããŠãããïŒãã®äžã€ã¯ïŒCOVID-19ãã³ãããã¯ãåæãããç®çã®ããã«ã®ã¿çšããå Žåã«ïŒç¹èš±æš©ãèäœæš©ãªã©ã®ç¥ç財ç£æš©ïŒåæšåã³å¶æ¥ç§å¯ãé€ããïŒã«ã€ããŠïŒéæä»çã»ç¡åã»å
šäžççãªã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ãäŸäžãããšããŠããïŒOCL-PC v1.0ïŒãåå è
ã«ITäŒæ¥ãå€ãïŒå»è¬åã»ã¯ã¯ãã³ãªã©ã®éçºã«ã©ããŸã§æå¹ããšããåé¡ã¯ãããïŒå»è¬åãã®ãã®ã®çºæã§ã¯ãªããšãïŒç 究ã«æçšãªITæè¡ã»AIæè¡ãïŒå»çæ©åšãã¯ããå»ççŸå Žã§çšããããæ§ã
ãªåšå
·ãªã©ãããããšããããã°ïŒäžå®ã®æå³ã¯ãããã
ããŸãïŒæãåœäŒæ¥ãäž»äœãšãªã£ããããžã§ã¯ããšããŠãç¥ç財ç£ã«é¢ããæ°åã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ææç察çæ¯æŽå®£èšããããããã®ãããžã§ã¯ãã®åå è ã¯ïŒCOVID-19ã®è延çµçµãå¯äžã®ç®çãšããè¡çºã«ã€ããŠïŒåæšæš©ããã³å¶æ¥ç§å¯ä»¥å€ã®ç¥ç財ç£æš©ïŒç¹èš±æš©ïŒå®çšæ°æ¡æš©ïŒæå æš©ïŒèäœæš©ïŒã®æš©å©è¡äœ¿ãè¡ããªãæšã宣èšãããæš©å©äžè¡äœ¿å®£èšãšãã圢ããšã£ãŠãããïŒOpen Covid Pledgeã®åæ§ã®åçµã¿ãšããããããããã®ãããžã§ã¯ã以å€ã«ãïŒåå¥äŒæ¥ãèªçºçã«å¹ åºãã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹äŸäžãããã¯æš©å©äžè¡äœ¿ãè¡šæããäŸã¯å°ãªããªã[10]ã
ããã®ãããªäžã§ïŒå®åæäžå é£ç·ç倧è£ã¯ïŒ ç·æ¥äºæ 宣èšãå šåœã«ãããŠè§£é€ããããšãçºè¡šãã2020幎5æ25æ¥ã®äŒèŠã«ãããŠïŒCOVID-19ã®ãæ²»çè¬ãã¯ã¯ãã³ããéææ§ã®é«ãåœéçãªæ çµã¿ã®äžã§éäžåœã䜿ããããã«ããŠããç¹èš±æš©ããŒã«ã®åµèšãïŒæ¥æäºå®ãããŠããïŒãµãããã§ææ¡ããããšèããŠããŸãããšè¡šæããã詳现ã¯äžæã§ããïŒå»è¬åã®ç©è³ªç¹èš±ãèãããšããã³ãã»ããŒã«ãæå¹ããšã®çåããããïŒãããOpen Covid Pledgeãªã©ãšåæ§ïŒCOVID-19察çã«è³ããçºæãšå¹ åºãèããã°ïŒå šãç¡æå³ã§ã¯ãªãã ããããããã«ããïŒç¹èš±æš©è ã«ããèªçºç察å¿ãå¿åãããã®ã§ããããšã¯æããã§ããã
ããããŠïŒéæ¥çã§ããïŒCOVID-19察çã«è³ãããšèããããèªçºçåçµã¿ã®æ矩ãåŠå®ããå¿ èŠã¯ãªãã匷å¶å®æœæš©ãªã©ã®ãããªåŒ·ç¡¬ãªæªçœ®ãçšãããšãæžãã®ãªãïŒããã«è¶ ããããšã¯ãªããWIPOã®ã¬ãªäºåå±é·ã¯ïŒãããªãæ¿çãå€æ°ã®èªçºçåçµã¿ã®ååšãèžãŸããå¿ èŠãããïŒæå¹ãªã¯ã¯ãã³ãæ²»çè¬ãååšããªãçŸç¶ã§ã¯ïŒããããçã¿åºãã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã奚å±ããããšãåªå ãã¹ãã§ïŒååšãããªãã¯ã¯ãã³ã»æ²»çè¬ãžã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãéèŠããããšã¯é åºãç°ãªãïŒå¿ èŠãªæè³ã«ãšã£ãŠãã€ãã¹ã«åããšã®å£°ælãçºè¡šããŠãããäžèšã®èªçºçåçµã¿ã«ã¯ïŒã¯ã¯ãã³ã»æ²»çè¬ã®éçºã«çŽæ¥ã»éæ¥ã«è³ãããããªç¥ç財ç£ã®å©çšãå¯èœã«ãããšããåŽé¢ãããïŒãã®ãããªæå³ã§ãèªçºçåçµã¿ãæå¹ã«æ©èœããããšãæåŸ ãã€ã€ïŒãã®æšç§»ãä»åŸãšã泚ææ·±ãèŠå®ãããã
ç¹èš±æš©ã®å¶éãè°è«ããæå³ã¯ãããïŒ
ããã£ãšãïŒèªçºçåçµã¿ã«æåŸ
ããããšã¯ïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ãªã©ã®æªçœ®ã®ååšæ矩ããªãããšãæå³ããªããæãåœã§ã¯ïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã蚱諟ãããäŸããªãïŒãäŒå®¶ã®å®åããšèšãããŠããããã£ãšãïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ãšãããäŒå®¶ã®å®åãã«ã¯ïŒç§ç亀æžãä¿é²ãïŒæçµçãªåæ圢æãåŸæŒãããåŽé¢ããããšèãããã[11]ãããã§ãããªãã°ïŒïŒéäŸïŒæãããšã¯æ³å®ãããªããšããŠãïŒãäŒå®¶ã®å®åããæãããšãã«ïŒããã竹å
ã§ã¯ãªãïŒå®éã«äœ¿ãããšãã§ãããã®ã§ããããšãæ€èšŒããŠããå¿
èŠãããã ããããã®ãããªèŠ³ç¹ãããããšïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ïŒãããã¯ããã«ä»£ããæªçœ®ïŒã«ã€ããŠã課é¡ãæŽçãïŒè°è«ãæ·±ããŠããæ矩ã¯å€±ãããŠããªããšãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã ããã[12]ã
äžå±±äžé
-------------------------------------------------
[1] æãåœãå«ãè€æ°åœã®ææ¡ãã決è°æ¡ãšãã®æŠèŠïŒéŠæïŒã¯ïŒåçåŽåçã®ãµã€ã åç §ã
[2] ãã£ãšãïŒãªãŒãã³ã¬ã¿ãŒã®åç¹ã¯ïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã®ç©æ¥µç掻çšãšããããïŒååœã«ã¯ç¥è²¡ã·ã¹ãã ã®æè»æ§ã®æŽ»çšãïŒæš©å©è ã«ã¯ã©ã€ã»ã³ã¹ïŒããã³ãã»ããŒã«ïŒäžè¡äœ¿å®£èšãªã©ã®èªçºçãªå¯Ÿå¿ãåŒã³ãããç¹ã«ãããšæãããã
[3] é«åæç·æ治倧åŠææïŒå è€æåæ¥æ¬å€§åŠåææåã³æŸä»»è°·åªååŒç士ãšã®ããåãããã¯ïŒæ¬ã³ã©ã ãå·çããäžã§æçãªç€ºåãåŸããèšããŠæè¬ãããããããïŒèª€è§£çããã£ããšããã°ïŒå šãŠçè ã®è²¬ã«åž°ããã
[4] æ¥çµæ°èã¯ïŒ2020幎5æ25æ¥ä»ããã¯ã¯ãã³ç¹èš±å ±æ æ¯æããšã®èŠåºãã®èšäºã§ãïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ãããç¹èš±ã®èªçºçå ±æãããéèŠã§ãããšã®WIPOã®ã¿ã³æ¬¡æäºåå±é·ã®ã€ã³ã¿ãã¥ãŒãæ²èŒããŠããã
[5] ãã®ãããã®äºæ ã«ã€ããŠã¯ïŒåœæïŒçãã³ã©ã ã«æžããããšãããã
[6] ãã®ä»ã«ïŒåœæïŒè°è«ãšãªã£ãã®ã¯ïŒå»è¬åã®çç£èœåãäžåååã¯ç¡ãéäžåœã«ã¯ïŒåœå ã«åŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ãèšå®ãã¹ãäŒæ¥ãååšããªããšããåé¡ã§ããããã®ããïŒå€åœã§åŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã«ããçç£ãããå»è¬åããããã®éäžåœã«èŒžåºããããšãããšïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã¯äž»ãšããŠåœå åžå Žãžã®äŸçµŠã®ããã«èš±è«ŸããããšãèŠæ±ããŠããTRIPSåå®31æ¡ïŒfïŒã«åããããããçããããã®åé¡ã«ã€ããŠã¯ïŒãã®åŸïŒ31æ¡ïŒfïŒã®çŸ©åãäžå®ã®æ¡ä»¶ã®äžã§é©çšããªããšããèŠå®ïŒ31æ¡ã®2ïŒãæ°èšããã圢ã§TRIPSåå®ãæ¹æ£ããïŒåæ¹æ£ã¯2017幎1æ23æ¥ããçºå¹ããŠããã
[7] 匷å¶å®æœæš©ã¯ïŒæ¿åºãç¹èš±æš©è ã®èš±è«Ÿãªãã«ç¬¬äžè ã«å®æœæš©ã匷å¶èš±è«Ÿããå¶åºŠã§ããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠïŒæ¿åºäœ¿çšã¯ïŒæ¿åºèªèº«ïŒæ¿åºã®æ¥åãå§ä»»ãããçã®äžå®ã®ç¯å²ã®ç¬¬äžè ãå«ããïŒãç¹èš±æš©è ã®èš±è«Ÿãªãã«ç¹èš±çºæã䜿çšããããšãã§ããå¶åºŠã§ããïŒå³å¯ã«ããã°äž¡è ã¯ç°ãªãããã£ãšãïŒç¹èš±æš©è ã®èš±è«Ÿãªãç¹èš±çºæã䜿çšã§ããããšããã®å Žåã«å¯ŸäŸ¡ãæ¯æãå¿ èŠãããããšã¯å ±éããŠããïŒTRIPSåå®31æ¡ã¯äž¡è ãã«ããŒããŠãããæ¿åºäœ¿çšã®ç«æ³äŸã¯ïŒç±³åœãªã©ã®ã³ã¢ã³ããŒè«žåœã«èŠãããïŒ28 U.S.C §1498ãªã©ïŒãç§èŠã§ã¯ïŒç¬¬äžè ã«äŸµå®³ã®èªçœã匷ããã«çãã匷å¶å®æœæš©ãããïŒæ¿åºã«ã€ãã·ã¢ãã£ããããæ¿åºäœ¿çšã®æ¹ãå®å¹æ§ãé«ãïŒTRIPSåå®31æ¡ïŒïœïŒã¯ïŒæ¿åºäœ¿çšã«ã€ããŠã¯ïŒåœå®¶çç·æ¥äºæ ã§ãªããšãç¹èš±æš©è ãšã®äºååè°èŠä»¶ãå é€ããŠãããïŒïŒè¿ éãªå¯Ÿå¿ãå¯èœã§ããããšãªã©ã®çç±ããïŒå ¬è¡è¡çäžã®ç·æ¥äºæ ãšãã£ãçã«å¿ èŠãªå Žåã«ã¯æ¿åºäœ¿çšã®æ¹ãæçšã§ã¯ãªããïŒãšèããŠããããã®è©³çŽ°ã«ã€ããŠã¯ïŒæçš¿ãæãåœã«ãããå ¬è¡è¡çäžã®ç·æ¥äºæ ãšç¹èš±å¶åºŠã«ãã察å¿å¯èœæ§ãç¥ç財ç£ç 究æè²è²¡å£ç·šãå»çãšç¹èš±ãïŒåµè±ç€ŸïŒäžçå æžåºïŒ2017幎ïŒ152é 以äžãåç §ããããã
[8] An Act respecting certain measures in response to COVID-19ã®Part12ã«ããïŒç¹èš±æ³ã«19ïŒ4ã®èŠå®ãè¿œå ãããã
[9] WIPOãCOVID-19察çãšããŠååœã®æ¿çããŸãšããCOVID-19 IP Policy Trackerã«ãããç«æ³æªçœ®ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³legislative and regulatory measures ã®æ å ±ã«åºã¥ãã
[10] 泚9ã§ãèšåããWIPOã®COVID-19 IP Policy Trackerã§ã¯ïŒVoluntary Actions ãšããã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãèšããŠïŒåå£äœã»äŒæ¥ã«ããèªçºç察å¿ã玹ä»ããŠããã
[11] å€ãããŒã¿ã§ãããïŒ2004幎11ææç¹ïŒïŒäžå®æœïŒç¹èš±æ³83æ¡ïŒ9件ïŒå©çšé¢ä¿ïŒç¹èš±æ³92æ¡ïŒ14 件ã®è£å®è«æ±ãè¡ãããŠãããïŒããããè£å®ã«è³ãåã«åãäžããããŠããïŒç£æ¥æ§é 審è°äŒç¥ç財ç£æ¿çéšäŒç¹èš±å¶åºŠå°å§å¡äŒç¹èš±æŠç¥èšç»é¢é£åé¡ã¯ãŒãã³ã°ã°ã«ãŒããç¹èš±çºæã®åæ»ãªäœ¿çšã«ä¿ãè«žåé¡ã«ã€ããŠãïŒããã®ããšã¯ïŒè£å®å¶åºŠã®ååšãïŒè£å®è«æ±åŸã®åœäºè ã®äº€æžã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŠåæãæç«ãïŒè£å®è«æ±ãåãäžããããããšã瀺åããŠããããã«æãããã
[12] 泚7ã§è¿°ã¹ããšããïŒçè ã¯ïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ãããæ¿åºäœ¿çšã®æ¹ãæçšã§ã¯ãªãããšèããŠãããïŒãã®ç¹ãæªããŠãïŒåŒ·å¶å®æœæš©ã«ã¯ãªãæ€èšãã¹ã課é¡ããããšèããŠãããå ·äœçã«ã¯ïŒãå ¬å ±ã®å©çã®ããã«ç¹ã«å¿ èŠã§ãããšããïŒç¹èš±æ³93æ¡1é ïŒã®æå³å 容ïŒçµæžççç±ã®ã¿ã§ããç¹ã«å¿ èŠããšãããã®ãïŒä»ã«ä»£æ¿åãååšãããšãç¹ã«å¿ èŠããšã¯ãããªããªãã®ãïŒè£å®ã«ããåé¡ã解決ãããªããã°ãç¹ã«å¿ èŠããšã¯ãããªãã®ãçïŒïŒTRIPSåå®äžã¯åœå®¶çç·æ¥äºæ ã«å é€ãããäºååè°èŠä»¶ã«ã€ããŠæãåœã®ç¹èš±æ³ã«ã¯ç·æ¥äºæ ã§ããããå é€ããèŠå®ããªãããšïŒè£å®ç³è«äžã®å®æœãèªããèŠå®ããªãããšãªã©ãæãããããïŒãããã®ç¹ã«ã€ããŠã泚7èšèŒã®æçš¿ãåç §ããããã